Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
Optimal control of chronic hyperglycemia prevents both micro and macro vascular complicationsââ?¬â?\na leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic subjects. This study was undertaken\nto give credence to the traditional use of Newbouldia laevis leaves in the treatment of diabetes\nmellitus (DM). Dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract (DME) of N. laevis leaves was prepared by\ncold maceration. Separation of DME into column chromatographic fractions yielded the n-hexane\nfraction (HF), ethylacetate fraction (EF) and methanol fraction (MF). The extract and fractions\nwere evaluated for antihyperglycemic activity in alloxanized diabetic rats. The results showed\nthat the oral administration of extract and fractions (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg) caused a significant\n(P < 0.5) and dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose level in diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic\npotency after 24 h was in the order MF (methanol fraction; 56.31%) > DME (dichloromethane/\nmethanol extract; 36.19%) > EF (ethylacetate fraction; 20.70%) > HF (n-hexane fraction;\n10.09. The methanol fraction, which showed the highest potency in oral glucose tolerance test\n(OGTT), was further separated into column chromatographic sub-fractionsââ?¬â? \n\nctions.\nThese sub-fractions were evaluated for antihyperglycemic activity. Sub-\n \n\n \n\n \n\n significant (P > 0.05) reduction in blood glucose level after 24 h.\nSub-fraction F4 (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), however caused a significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent\nreduction in blood glucose level. The reduction at 200 mg/kg dose of F4 (74.57%) was significantly\n(P < 0.05) higher than that of glibenclamide (58.04%). These findings suggest that leaf extract and\nfractions of Newbouldia laevis possess antihyperglycemic activities and can be the basis for the\nfolk use N. laevis in management of diabetes mellitus....
Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. Genus Ficus had already extensively explored for its rich chemical diversity and therapeutic effectiveness in inflammation, ulcers, cancer, hepatic and microbial diseases but their anthelmintic activity is not yet reported. In the present study, four extracts viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extract of bark of Ficus lacor was investigated for anthelmintic activity at three different concentrations. Three concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 150 mg/ml) of each extract were studied which included the determination of paralysis time and time of death of earthworms. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as standard drug and distilled water containing 2% Tween 80 was used as control. All the extracts exhibited dose dependant activity. The results indicated that ethanol extract (150 mg/ml) of plant was most effective in causing paralysis of earthworms, while both ethanol (150 mg/ml) and chloroform extracts (150 mg/ml) were very effective in causing death of earthworms....
GC-MS analysis of the petroleum ether extract of Cycas revoluta Thunb leaves revealed the presence of several compounds, among which phytol and β-sitosterol were the main unsaponifiable matter constituents, while hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z) were the main fatty acid constituents in the sponified part. GC-MS analysis of the prepared volatiles revealed the presence of safrole as the major component. Additionally, estragole, γ-terpinene, phellandrene and anethole were detected as minors. This is the first GC-MS study on Cycas genus leaves....
Present investigation carried out the phytochemical analysis of leaf, root, bark, inflorescence and fruits of Memecylon umbellatum Burm. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of different parts of the plants showed the presence of primary and secondary metabolites. The result revealed that among the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts studied, all the parts showed negative response to lignins. Alkaloids was absent in leaves and steroids was absent in inflorescence. Among all the parts fruits recorded highest amount of metabolites than other parts. Between the two primary metabolites analyzed proteins was recorded highest than carbohydrates and steroids were the most abundant in all parts followed by phenols, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids....
This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents of Euphorbia golondrina\nL.C. Wheeler, an alien invasive medicinal herb that is used for the treatment of\ngastroenteritis related ailments, diabetes, conjunctivitis, gastritis, enterocolitis, tonsillitis,\nvaginitis, hemorrhoids, prostatism, warts and painful swellings by the Mundani\npeople of the mount Bambouto Caldera in SouthWestern Cameroon, and to evaluate\nits in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Susceptibility testing by agar well\ndiffusion assay revealed good antibacterial activity with inhibition zone diameter of\n20 Ã?± 1.1 mm against Bacillus cereus followed by Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition\nzone diameter of 17 Ã?± 1.6 mm which was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the positive\ncontrol (amoxicillin). None of the fungi was inhibited by the acetone extract of E.\ngolondrina except Candida albicans wherein the zone of inhibition was not significantly\ndifferent from that of the positive control (Amphotericin B). The ABTS scavenging\nactivity of E. golondrina was higher than that of gallic acid and BHT at concentrations\ngreater than 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL respectively while at all concentrations, nitric oxide\nscavenging activity was higher than those of both rutin and vitamin C. GCââ?¬â??MS profile\nof E. golondrina steam distilled volatiles revealed that the plant has potent phytoconstituent\nclasses such as sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, alkaloids, phenolics and\naromatic hydrocarbons. Among the 30 compounds identified, caryophyllene oxide\n(14.16 %), camphor (9.41 %) and phytol (5.75 %) were the major compounds. Further\nstructural characterisation based on 1H and 13C NMR is required to demonstrate structural\nintegrity including correct stereochemistry. The current study partially justifies the\nethnomedicinal uses of E. golondrina in Cameroon....
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